Environmental logistics has moved from being a niche concern to a central issue in modern supply-chain management. Companies are under increasing pressure to deliver products efficiently while reducing emissions, minimizing waste, using resources responsibly, and responding to increasingly demanding environmental expectations. The contradiction is obvious. Logistics exists to move things. Moving things consumes resources. Products must be transported, stored, packaged, handled, returned, repaired, recycled, or eventually discarded. Every stage creates an environmental footprint, which means that making logistics genuinely sustainable requires much more than replacing conventional vehicles with electric alternatives. Environmental logistics is a systemic challenge. It involves transportation, warehousing, packaging, inventory management, procurement, product design, customer behavior, reverse flows,…