Warehousing is a fundamental component of modern supply chains. Products must be received, stored, protected, organized, and eventually moved toward their intended destinations. Although these activities may appear straightforward, the infrastructure required to perform them efficiently varies considerably according to the nature of the goods, the scale of operations, customer requirements, and regulatory obligations. For this reason, there is no universal warehouse design. A facility storing frozen food has fundamentally different requirements from one handling electronics. A distribution center serving thousands of retail outlets operates differently from a small warehouse supporting a local manufacturer. Likewise, an e-commerce fulfillment facility may prioritize rapid individual-order picking rather than long-term inventory storage. Understanding…